Melancholy - anesthetic depressions are psychopathologically closest to the classical descriptions of “anesthetic melancholia”. These depressions are distinguished by the presence of a depressive triad, a subjective feeling of melancholy with retrosternal localization, regular daily fluctuations, the presence of ideas of self-blame, suicidal thoughts and intentions. There are pronounced somatic equivalents of depression, and adynamic disorders occur in the form of a feeling of physical or “moral” weakness. Ideational inhibition is expressed in complaints about the difficulty of thinking, pondering questions, the inability to comprehend the text being read and the television program being watched. Ideation inhibition, although it occurs in depressions of this type, never reaches great intensity. In this regard, patients will always retain the ability to reflect, which is confirmed by patients’ accurate, thoughtful, detailed descriptions of their condition. Motor retardation manifests itself in poor facial expressions and low mobility of patients. Daily fluctuations concern both the intensity of affect and other disorders: feelings of low mood, adynamic disorders, suicidal thoughts and intentions, ideas of self-blame. The feeling of melancholy is subjectively characterized by patients as heaviness, compression, burning, pain in the precordial area.